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Marcus Cluvius Rufus
Marcus Cluvius Rufus was a Roman consul, senator, governor, and historian who was mentioned on several occasions by Tacitus, Suetonius, Cassius Dio, Josephus and Plutarch.〔''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology'', William Smith, Editor.〕
==Career==
Cluvius was consul ''suffectus'' in AD 45, during the reign of the emperor Claudius.〔Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' XIX.1.13〕〔Suetonius ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'' Life of Nero 21〕〔Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' LXIII.14〕 He had been involved in the conspiracy to assassinate Caligula, but it is not known to what degree.〔Josephus, ''Antiquities of the Jews'' XIX.1.13〕
As an ex-consul during the early part of Nero's reign, Cluvius knew many members of the emperor's inner circle,〔Suetonius ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'' Life of Nero 21〕 He appeared as the emperor's herald at the games in which Nero made his appearance.〔Suetonius ''The Lives of Twelve Caesars'' Life of Nero 21〕〔Cassius Dio, ''Roman History'' LXIII.14〕
During the year of the four emperors, Cluvius was governor of Hispania. Tacitus said "Spain was under the government of Cluvius Rufus, an eloquent man, who had all the accomplishments of civil life, but who was without experience in war." Nobody had been endangered by his actions during Nero's reign.〔Tacitus, ''Histories'' I.8, ''Histories'' IV.43〕 On the death of Galba, Cluvius first swore allegiance to Otho, but soon afterwards he became a partisan of Vitellius. Hilarius, a freedman of Vitellius, accused him of aspiring to obtain the government of Hispania independent of the emperor, but Cluvius went to Vitellius, who was then in Gaul, and succeeded in clearing his name. Cluvius is said to have pushed senators to demand more power from the emperor during the reign of Vitellius.〔Tacitus, ''Histories'' IV.43〕〔Plutarch ''The Parallel Lives'', Life of Otho 3〕
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